publications

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2022

• GIANT DWARF CROCODILES FROM THE MIOCENE OF KENYA AND CROCODYLID FAUNAL DYNAMICS IN THE LATE CENOZOIC OF EAST AFRICA. CA Brochu, A de Celis, AJ Adams, SK Drumheller, JH Nestler, BR Benefit, A Grossman, F Kirera, T Lehmann, C Liutkus-Pierce, FK Manthi, ML McCrossin, KP McNulty, RN Juma. The Anatomical Record 305: 2729–2765. doi: 10.1002/ar.25005. 
• CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY AMONG INTERSECTING CLINICAL CATEGORIES. RP Knigge, AM Hardin, KM Middleton, KP McNulty, H Oh, M Valiathan, DL Duren, RJ Sherwood. Published online in The Anatomical Record 305: 2175–2206. doi: 10.1002/ar.24870.   PASSWORD​​

​2021

• RUMINANT MESOWEAR REVEALS CONSISTENTLY BROWSE-DOMINATED DIETS THROUGHOUT THE EARLY AND MIDDLE MIOCENE OF EASTERN AFRICA. AS Hall, S Cote. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 567: 110253. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110253.   PASSWORD
• GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PATTERNS AMONG FACIAL TYPES. RP Knigge, KP McNulty, H Oh, AM Hardin, EV Leary, DL Duren, M Valiathan, RJ Sherwood. Scheduled to appear in American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics 160: 430–441. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.04.038.
• ESTIMATING CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH CESSATION: COMPARISON OF ASYMPTOTE- AND RATE-BASED METHODS. AM Hardin, RP Knigge, H Oh, M Valiathan, DL Duren, KP McNulty, KM Middleton, RJ Sherwood. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 59: 230–238. doi: 10.1177/10556656211002675.
• BAYESIAN APPROACHES TO LONGITUDINAL CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH: THE CRANIOFACIAL GROWTH CONSORTIUM STUDY. RJ Sherwood, H Oh, M Valiathan, KP McNulty, DL Duren, RP Knigge, AM Hardin, CL Holzhauer, KM Middleton. The Anatomical Record 304: 991–1019. doi: 10.1002/ar.24520.

2020

• CLIMATIC FLUCTUATIONS IN THE EARLY MIOCENE HIWEGI FORMATION, LAKE VICTORIA, KENYA, AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON EARLY APE EVOLUTION. LA Michel, KP McNulty, SG Driese, HM Dunsworth, DL Fox, ND Garrett, WEH Harcourt-Smith, T Lehmann, DJ Peppe. Sedimentology 67: 3567–3594. doi: 10.1111/sed.12762.   PASSWORD
• A TRANSITIONAL MAMMALIAN CARNIVORE COMMUNITY FROM THE PALEOGENE-NEOGENE BOUNDARY IN NORTHERN KENYA. AR Friscia, M Macharwas, SN Muteti, F Ndiritu, DT Rasmussen. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40(5): e1833895. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2020.1833895.
• GENETIC CORRELATIONS IN THE RHESUS MACAQUE DENTITION. AM Hardin. Journal of Human Evolution 148: 102873. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102873. 
• COMPARING RATES OF LINEAGE DIVERSIFICATION WITH RATES OF SIZE AND SHAPE EVOLUTION IN CATARRHINE CRANIA. EA Simons, SR Frost, K Harvati, KP McNulty, M Singleton. Evolutionary Biology 47: 152–163. doi: 10.1007/s11692-020-09500-2.
• MANDIBULAR SYMPHYSEAL FUSION IN FOSSIL PRIMATES: INSIGHTS FROM CORRELATED PATTERNS OF JAW SHAPE AND MASTICATORY FUNCTION IN LIVING PRIMATES. RP Knigge, C Vinyard, KP McNulty. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 173: 322–336. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.24048.   PASSWORD
• CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF AGE-RELATED CHANGE OF THE MANDIBULAR PLANE ANGLE. AM Hardin, M Valiathan, H Oh, RP Knigge, KP McNulty, EV Leary, DL Duren, RJ Sherwood. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 23:50–58. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12342.  PASSWORD

2019

• PRIMITIVE OLD WORLD MONKEY FROM THE EARLIEST MIOCENE OF KENYA AND THE EVOLUTION OF CERCOPITHECOID BILOPHODONTY. DT Rasmussen, AR Friscia, M Gutierrez, J Kappelman, ER Miller, SN Muteti, D Reynoso, JB Rossie, TL Spell, NJ Tabor, E Gierlowski-Kordesch. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 116: 6051-6056. doi: 10.1073/pnas.181542311.
• PREDICTING FACIAL TYPE FROM MANDIBULAR LANDMARK DATA AT YOUNG AGES. H Oh, RP Knigge, AM Hardin, RJ Sherwood, DL Duren, M Valiathan, EV Leary, KP McNulty. Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research 22 (Suppl. 1): 154–162. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12296.   PASSWORD
• GENETIC CORRELATIONS IN THE DENTAL DIMENSIONS OF SAGUINAS FUSCICOLLIS. AM Hardin. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 169: 557-566. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.23861.
• EKEMBO. KP McNulty. Heritage Science News: Quarterly Newsletter of the Directorate of National Repository & Research, National Museums of Kenya. Issue 2, July-September 2019: 1–2.
• GENETIC CONTRIBUTIONS TO DENTAL DIMENSIONS IN BROWN-MANTLED TAMARINS (SAGUINAS FUSCICOLLIS) AND RHESUS MACAQUES (MACACA MULATTA). AM Hardin. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 168: 292-302. doi:  10.1002/ajpa.23744.

​2018

• HOMINOID INTRASPECIFIC CRANIAL VARIATION MIRRORS NEUTRAL GENETIC DIVERSITY. JM Zichello, KL Baab, KP McNulty, CJ Raxworthy, M Steiper. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 115: 11501–11506. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1802651115.
• PROCONSUL. KP McNulty, R Jansma. In (W. Trevethan, Ed.) The International Encyclopedia of Biological Anthropology. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.   PASSWORD

2017

• THE EARLY MIOCENE CRITICAL ZONE AT KARUNGU, WESTERN KENYA: AN EQUATORIAL, OPEN HABITAT WITH FEW PRIMATE REMAINS. WE Lukens, T Lehmann, SG Driese, DJ Peppe, DL Fox, KP McNulty. Frontiers in Earth Sciences 5: 1–21. doi: 10.3389/feart.2017.00087.
• NEW EXCAVATIONS AT WAKONDO (RUSINGA ISLAND, KENYA): MIDDLE STONE AGE EXPLOITATION OF A CATASTROPHIC DEATH ASSEMBLAGE OF THE EXTINCT BOVID RUSINGORYX ATOPOCRANION. KE Jenkins, S Nightingale, JT Faith, DJ Peppe, LA Michel, SG Driese, KP McNulty, CA Tryon. Journal of Human Evolution 108: 72–91. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.11.004.   PASSWORD

2016

• HOMININ TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY: WHAT'S IN A NAME? KP McNulty. Nature Education Knowledge 7(1): 2.​
• DEVELOPMENTAL SIMULATION OF THE ADULT CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF AUSTRALOPITHECUS SEDIBA. KB Carlson, DJ de Ruiter, TJ DeWitt, KP McNulty, KJ Carlson, P Tafforeau, LR Berger. South African Journal Science 112: 9. doi: 10.17159/sajs.2016/20160012.
• A DETAILED ASSESSMENT OF THE MAXILLARY MORHOLOGY OF LIMNOPITHECUS EVANSI WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS. S Cote, KP McNulty, NJ Stevens, IO Nengo. Journal of Human Evolution 94: 83–91. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.004.  PASSWORD
• NEW RHINOCEROTIDAE FROM THE KISINGIRI LOCALITIES (LOWER MIOCENE OF WESTERN KENYA). D Geraads, T Lehmann, DJ Peppe, KP McNulty. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36: e1103247. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2016.1103247.
• MECHANICAL EVIDENCE THAT AUSTRALOPITHECUS SEDIBA WAS LIMITED IN ITS ABILITY TO EAT HARD FOODS. ​JA Ledogar, AL Smith, S Benazzi, GW Weber, MA Spencer, KP Carlson, KP McNulty, PC Dechow, IR Grosse, CF Ross, BG Richmond, BW Wright, Q Wang, C Byron, KJ Carlson, DJ de Ruiter, LR Berger, K Tamvada, LC Pryor Smith, MA Berthaume, DS Strait. Nature Communications 7: 10596. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10596.
• KANTIS: A NEW AUSTRALOPITHECUS SITE ON THE SHOULDERS OF THE RIFT VALLEY NEAR NAIROBI, KENYA. E Mbua, S Kusaka, Y Kunimatsu, D Geraads, Y Sawada, FH Brown, T Sakai, J-R Boisserie, M Saneyoshi, C Omuombo, SN Muteti, T Hirata, A Hayashida, H Iwano, T Danhara, R Bobe, B Jicha, M Nakatsukasa. Journal of Human Evolution 94, 28-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.006.   PASSWORD

2015

• A SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF PROCONSUL WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS OF EARLY MIOCENE HOMINOID. KP McNulty, DR Begun, J Kelley, FK Manthi, EN Mbua. Journal of Human Evolution 84: 42–61. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.03.009.   PASSWORD​
• BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: PALEONTOLOGY AND PRIMATE EVOLUTION. KP McNulty, Editor. Nature Education Knowledge. [online edited volume]
• PTOLEMAIA FROM WEST TURKANA, KENYA. ER Miller, DT Rasmussen, J Kappelman, AR Friscia, SN Muteti, M Gutierrez. Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History, 56: 81-88. doi: 10.3374/014.056.0105. 
• STABLE ISOTOPE PALEOECOLOGY OF THE LATE PLEISTOCENE MIDDLE STONE AGE HUMANS FROM THE LAKE VICTORIA BASIC, KENYA. ND Garrett, DL Fox, KP McNulty, JT Faith, DJ Peppe, A Van Plantinga, CA Tryon. Journal of Human Evolution 82: 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.10.005.   PASSWORD
• THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TALAR MORPHOLOGY AND HABITUAL SUBSTRATE USE AMONG LIVING GORILLA TAXA ASSESSED USING 3D GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS. RP Knigge, MW Tocheri, CM Orr, KP McNulty. The Anatomical Record 298: 277–290. doi: 10.1002/ar.23069.
• MORPHOMETRY, GEOMETRY, FUNCTION AND THE FUTURE. KP McNulty, CJ Vinyard. The Anatomical Record 298: 328–333. doi: 10.1002/ar.23064.   
• DENTAL MICROWEAR PROFILOMETRY OF AFRICAN NON-CERCOPITHECOID CATARRHINES OF THE EARLY MIOCENE. B Shearer, PS Ungar, KP McNulty, WEH Harcourt-Smith, HM Dunsworth, MF Teaford. Journal of Human Evolution 78: 33–43. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.08.011.   PASSWORD
• MAPPING LONDON'S WATER COMPANIES AND CHOLERA DEATHS. T Cicak, N Tynan. The London Journal 40: 21-32. doi: 10.1179/0305803414Z.00000000057.
• THE PULP CAVITY AND ITS CONTENTS. SS Legge, AM Hardin. In (JD Irish, GR Scott, Eds.) A Companion to Dental Anthropology, pp. 189-203. doi: 10.1002/9781118845486.ch14.    PASSWORD

2014

• REMNANTS OF AN ANCIENT FOREST PROVIDE ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT FOR EARLY MIOCENE FOSSIL APES. LA Michel, DJ Peppe, JA Lutz, SG Driese, HM Dunsworth, WEH Harcourt-Smith, W Horner, T Lehmann, S Nightingale, KP McNulty. Nature Communications 5: 3236. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4236.​​

2013

• HOMO FLORESIENSIS CONTEXTUALIZED: A GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOSSIL AND PATHOLOGICAL HUMAN SAMPLES. KL Baab, KP McNulty, K Harvati. PLoS ONE 8: e69119. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069119.
• Ecological continuity between Lower and Upper Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. K Kovarovic, R Slepkov, KP McNulty. Journal of Human Evolution 64: 538–555. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.02.010.
• A MORPHOTYPE CATALOG AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATIONS OF EARLY MIOCENE FOSSIL LEAVES FROM THE HIWEGI FORMATION, RUSINGA ISLAND, LAKE VICTORIA, KENYA. DP Maxbauer, DJ Peppe, M Bamford, KP McNulty, WEH Harcourt-Smith, LE Davis. Paleontologia Electronica 16: 28A. doi: 10.26879/342.   ​
• NEW SPECIMENS OF 'CROCODYLUS' PIGOTTI (CROCODYLIDAE) FROM RUSINGA ISLAND, KENYA, AND GENERIC REALLOCATION OF THE SPECIES. JL Conrad, K Jenkins, T Lehmann, FK Manthi, DJ Peppe, S Nightingale, A Cossette, HM Dunsworth, WEH Harcourt-Smith, KP McNulty. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33: 629–646. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2013.743404.
• GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN NONMETRIC DENTAL TRAITS OF THE DECIDUOUS MOLARS OF PAN AND GORILLA. AM Hardin, SS Legge. International Journal of Primatology 34: 1000-1019. doi: 10.1007/s10764-013-9720-x.
• EARLY BRAIN GROWTH CESSATION IN WILD VIRUNGA MOUNTAIN GORILLAS (GORILLA BERINGEI BERINGEI). SC McFarlin, SK Barks, MW Tocheri, JS Massey, AB Eriksen, KA Fawcett, TS Stoinski, PR Hof, TG Bromage, A Mudakikwa, MR Cranfield, CC Sherwood. American Journal of Primatology 75: 450-463. doi: 10.1002/ajp.22100.  PASSWORD

2012

• THE SHAPE OF HUMAN EVOLUTION: A GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC PERSPECTIVE. KL Baab, KP McNulty, FJ Rohlf. Evolutionary Anthropology 21: 151–165. doi: 10.1002/evan.21320.   PASSWORD
• EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT IN AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFRICANUS. KP McNulty. Evolutionary Biology 39: 488–498. doi: 10.1007/s11692-012-9172-9.​
• EARLY NEOGENE ENVIRONMENTS IN EAST AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM DENTAL MICROWEAR OF TRAGULIDS. PS Ungar, JR Scott, S Curran, HM Dunsworth, WEH Harcourt-Smith, T Lehmann, FK Manthi, KP McNulty. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 342-3: 84–96. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.05.005.

2011

• DISSECTING THE GENETIC ARCHITECTURE OF CRANIOFACIAL SHAPE. RJ Sherwood, KP McNulty. In (PE Lestrel, ed.) Biological Shape Analysis: Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium. Singapore: World Scientific. pp. 145–171. doi: 10.1142/9789814355247_0010.   PASSWORD​
• TRANSFORMATION GRIDS. KP McNulty. In (B. Wood, Ed.) Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, Volume II. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.​

2010

• THE PLEISTOCENE ARCHAEOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTS OF THE WASIRIYA BEDS, RUSINGA ISLAND, KENYA. CA Tryon, JT Faith, DJ Peppe, DL Fox, KP McNulty, K Jenkins, HM Dunsworth, WEH Harcourt-Smith. Journal of Human Evolution 59: 657–671. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.07.020.
• QUESTIONING THE LINK BETWEEN STONE TOOL STANDARDIZATION AND BEHAVIORAL MODERNITY. G Monnier, KP McNulty. In (S Lycett, P Chauhan, eds.) New Perspectives on Old Stones: Analytical Approaches to Palaeolithic Technologies. New York: Springer. pp. 61–81. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6861-6_4.
• KEEPING ASYMMETRY IN PERSPECTIVE: A REPLY TO ECKHARDT AND HENNEBERG. KP McNulty, KL Baab. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 143: 337–339. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21393.   PASSWORD
• APES AND TRICKSTERS: THE EVOLUTION AND DIVERSIFICATION OF HUMANS' CLOSEST RELATIVES. KP McNulty. Evolution: Education and Outreach 3: 322–332. doi: 10.1007/s12052-010-0251-z.​
• BRINGING UP BABY: DEVELOPMENTAL SIMULATION OF THE ADULT CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY OF RUNGWECEBUS KIPUNJI. M Singleton, KP McNulty, SR Frost, J Soderberg, EH Guthrie. The Anatomical Record 293: 388–401. doi: 10.1002/ar.21076.

2009

• COMPUTING SINGULAR WARPS FROM PROCRUSTES ALIGNED COORDINATES. KP McNulty. Journal of Human Evolution 57: 191–194. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.008.
• SIZE, SHAPE, AND ASYMMETRY IN FOSSIL HOMININS: THE STATUS OF THE LB1 CRANIUM BASED ON 3D MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES. KL Baab, KP McNulty. Journal of Human Evolution 57: 608–622. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.08.011.   PASSWORD
• STRATIGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION OF THE KULU FORMATION (EARLY MIOCENE, RUSINGA ISLAND, KENYA) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PRIMATE EVOLUTION. DJ Peppe, KP McNulty, S Cote, WEH Harcourt-Smith, HM Dunsworth, JA Van Couvering. Journal of Human Evolution 56: 447–461. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.02.006.​​
• THE FOSSIL "HOBBITS" OF FLORES: PERSPECTIVES FROM MORPHOMTRIC SIMULATION. KP McNulty, KL Baab. AnthroQuest: The Newsletter of the Leakey Foundation no. 23: Summer 2009.

2006

• EXAMINING AFFINITIES OF THE TAUNG CHILD BY DEVELOPMENTAL SIMULATION. KP McNulty, SR Frost, DS Strait. Journal of Human Evolution 51: 274–296. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.04.005.   PASSWORD
• NEANDERTHALER: VORFAHREN ODER ENTFERNTE VERWANDTE? K Harvati, SR Frost, KP McNulty. In (G Uelsberg, ed.) Roots//Wurzeln der Menschheit. Katalog zur Ausstellung. Bonn: Rheinisches LandesMuseum Bonn. pp. 133–139.   PASSWORD​​

2005

• A GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF THE HOMINOID SUPRAORBITAL REGION: AFFINITIES OF THE EURASIAN MIOCENE HOMINOIDS DRYOPITHECUS, GRAECOPITHECUS, AND SIVAPITHECUS. KP McNulty. In (D Slice, ed.) Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 349–373. doi: 10.1007/0-387-27614-9_16.​
• NEANDERTHAL VARIATION AND TAXONOMY—A REPLY TO ACKERMANN (2005) AND AHERN ET AL. (2005). K Harvati, SR Frost, KP McNulty. Journal of Human Evolution 48: 653–660. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.01.004.   PASSWORD

2004

• NEANDERTHAL TAXONOMY RECONSIDERED: IMPLICATIONS OF 3D PRIMATE MODELS OF INTRA- AND INTERSPECIFIC DIFFERENCES. K Harvati, SR Frost, KP McNulty. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101: 1147–1152. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0308085100.
• A GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF HOMINOID CRANIA: CONSERVATIVE AFRICAN APES AND THEIR LIBERAL IMPLICATIONS. KP McNulty. Annals of Anatomy 186: 429–434. doi: 10.1016/S0940-9602(04)80077-3.   PASSWORD​​

2002

• MYTHS AND CONCEPTIONS OF DARWIN: REFOCUSING AND REFUTING ARGUMENTS AGAINST EVOLUTION. KP McNulty. In (A Chesworth, S Hill, K Lipovsky, E Snyder, & W Chesworth, eds) Darwin Day Collection One: The Single Best Idea, Ever. Albuquerque: Tangled Bank Press.  pp. 277–285.   PASSWORD​​

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​DISSERTATIONS  & THESES

• RJW Jansma. 2019. Anatomy, Systematics, and Evolution of Catarrhines from the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene of Eastern Africa. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpbl.), University of Minnesota. 
• JS Massey. 2018. Pattern of cranial ontogeny in Populations of Gorilla and Pan. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpbl.), University of Minnesota. 
• KEH Jenkins. 2018. Taphonomy on Rusinga Island, Kenya. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpbl.), University of Minnesota. 
• A Hardin. 2018. Heritability and Genetic Correlations in the Dental Dimensions of Saguinus fuscicollis and Macaca mulatta. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpbl.), University of Minnesota. 
• RP Knigge. 2017. Understanding Primate Mandibular Symphyseal Fusion: Function, Integration, and Ontogeny. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpbl.), University of Minnesota. 
• NC Garrett. 2016. Stable Isotope Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions of the Late Pleistocene and Early Miocene Sites on Rusinga and Mfangano Islands, Lake Victoria, Kenya. Ph.D. Thesis (Unpbl.), University of Minnesota. 
• ​DC Lerwick, 2010. Waking the Dead: The Human Remains from Mainistir Chiaráin, Inis Mór, Ireland. M.A. Thesis (Unpbl.), University of Minnesota.